ABSTRACT Biomass sorghum is an alternative feedstock to cogenerate energy and produce second-generation ethanol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Genotype by Environment Interaction (GEI) in biomass sorghum and to identify the hybrids that associate high adaptability and stability using the Toler nonlinear regression, the Genotypes plus Genotype by Environment (GGE) biplot, and the Annicchiarico recommendation index. Thirty-three experimental photoperiod-sensitive single-cross hybrids and three checks were evaluated in relation to the traits: flowering time, plant height, moisture content, green mass yield, and dry mass yield. It was observed that the effects of hybrids, environment, and GEI were expressive. The GEI was predominantly complex for the traits related to the biomass yield. The Toler, GGE biplot and Annicchiarico methods show complementarity. The experimental hybrids 1, 8, 22, 31 and 33 are promising because of associating stability and lower recommendation risk. The hybrids 1 and 8 present broad adaptability, while the hybrids 22, 31 and 33 exhibit specific adaptability to high quality environments.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial per se de linhagens macho-estéreis e restauradoras de sorgo-sacarino (Sorghum bicolor), bem como detalhar a heterose manifestada quanto a algumas características relacionadas direta ou indiretamente à produção de etanol, à taxa de acúmulo e à previsibilidade. As avaliações foram realizadas com 20 genótipos, dos quais 4 linhagens restauradoras de fertilidade (R), 3 linhagens macho-estéreis (A) e 12 híbridos experimentais (H) resultantes do cruzamento dialelo parcial entre as linhagens A e R, além de um híbrido comercial CV198 como testemunha, em quatro épocas de colheita. Os experimentos foram realizados nos municípios de Lavras e Sete Lagoas, no Estado de Minas Gerais. As características mensuradas foram altura de planta, produção de massa verde, extração de caldo, conteúdo de sólidos solúveis totais e megagramas de Brix por hectare. As linhagens macho-estéreis A1 e as restauradoras R1 e R2 apresentam melhor potencial per se, ao se considerar todos os caracteres e a sua taxa de acúmulo e a previsibilidade de comportamento, nas diferentes épocas de colheitas. A heterose é significativa para todos os caracteres. Os híbridos H11, H13, H14, H21, H22 e H33 são promissores por seu maior desempenho per se e maior heterose.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential per se of male-sterile and fertility-restorer lines of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), as well as to detail the heterosis manifested for some traits directly or indirectly related to ethanol production, accumulation rate, and predictability. Evaluations were performed for 20 genotypes, of which 4 are fertility-restorer lines (R), 3 are male-sterile lines (A), and 12 are experimental hybrids (H) resulting from the partial diallel cross between lines A and R, besides a commercial hybrid CV198 used as a check, in four harvest seasons. The experiments were carried out in the municipalities of Lavras and Sete Lagoas, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The measured traits were plant height, green mass production, juice extraction, total soluble solids content, and megagrams of Brix per hectare. The male-sterile A1 and the fertility-restorer R1 and R3 lines show the best potential per se, considering all traits and their accumulation rate and predictability over harvest times. Heterosis is significant for all traits. The H11, H13, H14, H21, H22, and H33 hybrids are promising because of their better performance per se and higher heterosis.